{"id":10922,"date":"2023-03-02T08:58:19","date_gmt":"2023-03-02T08:58:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.serdaroglu.com.tr\/?p=10922"},"modified":"2023-03-07T12:07:41","modified_gmt":"2023-03-07T12:07:41","slug":"isi-pompasi-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.serdaroglu.com.tr\/index.php\/2023\/03\/02\/isi-pompasi-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"ISI POMPASI NED\u0130R?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Is\u0131 pompas\u0131, elektrik enerjisini kullanarak \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 bir yerden ba\u015fka bir yere pompalayarak veya hareket ettirerek ta\u015f\u0131yan sistemdir. Is\u0131 pompas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma prensibi mevsime ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, s\u0131cak havay\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak bir yerden ba\u015fka bir yere, ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan veya gerekmeyen bir yere ta\u015f\u0131yan bir \u0131s\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. D\u00f6ng\u00fcsel olarak enerjinin t\u00fcketildi\u011fi \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131nda temel ama\u00e7 bir cismi ek i\u015f yard\u0131m\u0131 ile \u0131s\u0131tmakt\u0131r. Bu ama\u00e7ta atmosfer, \u0131s\u0131 pompas\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k g\u00f6vdesi g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Teknik a\u00e7\u0131dan bir \u0131s\u0131 pompas\u0131 kontroll\u00fc bir alan\u0131 \u0131s\u0131tmak veya so\u011futmak i\u00e7in tersine \u00e7evrilebilen mekanik s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7evrimli bir so\u011futma sistemidir. Buzdolab\u0131 ve klimalarda kullan\u0131lan temel so\u011futma \u00e7evrimi, \u0131s\u0131 pompas\u0131 \u0131s\u0131tma durumunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken g\u00f6zlenir ancak \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131nda \u00e7evrim ters y\u00f6ne d\u00f6nmektedir. Is\u0131n\u0131n sal\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan \u015fartland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f alan olarak ifade edilirken bu durumda \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131 genellikle daha so\u011fuk olan havadan, sudan veya topraktan \u0131s\u0131 \u00e7eken sistemlerdir.<\/p>\n

Is\u0131 pompas\u0131n\u0131n en yayg\u0131n \u00f6rneklerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda dondurucular, klimalar ve di\u011fer \u0131s\u0131tma, havaland\u0131rma cihazlar\u0131 gelmektedir. Uygulama \u00f6rnekleri incelendi\u011finde \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma prensibi gere\u011fince \u0131s\u0131tma ve so\u011futma olarak iki k\u0131s\u0131mda kullan\u0131labilir. Sadece \u0131s\u0131tma \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131, hem s\u0131cak su \u00fcretimi hem de alan \u0131s\u0131tmay\u0131 i\u00e7erebilir. Aktif ve pasif olarak ikiye ayr\u0131lan so\u011futma sistemleri yine \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir, elektrikli cihazlar\u0131n kullan\u0131larak \u0131s\u0131 transferinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi aktif so\u011futmada \u0131s\u0131 pompas\u0131 hem \u0131s\u0131tma hem so\u011futma uygulamalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0 Ek enerji kullanmadan \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 iletmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan pasif so\u011futma sistemlerinde ise \u0131s\u0131 pompas\u0131n\u0131 \u0131s\u0131tmada g\u00f6rebilirken so\u011futmada yap\u0131dan gelen s\u0131v\u0131 do\u011frudan kaynaktaki \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fcnde so\u011futulur.<\/p>\n

\"\" \"\"<\/p>\n

Is\u0131 Pompas\u0131 Elemanlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Is\u0131 pompas\u0131\u00a0kondeser, genle\u015fme valfi, evaporat\u00f6r ve kompres\u00f6r<\/em>\u00a0olmak \u00fczere d\u00f6rt ana elemandan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r, ayr\u0131ca bu bile\u015fenlerde kullan\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma maddesine de\u00a0so\u011futucu\u00a0<\/em>denmektedir.<\/p>\n

1-Kondenser (Yo\u011fu\u015fturucu)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kondenserler \u0131s\u0131 pompas\u0131nda \u0131s\u0131tma etkisinin g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc elemanlard\u0131r. Kondenserde y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7taki ve y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki buhar \u00fczerindeki \u0131s\u0131 enerjisini kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 suya aktar\u0131r ve suyu \u0131s\u0131t\u0131r b\u00f6ylelikle yo\u011fu\u015farak s\u0131v\u0131 faz\u0131na ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n

2-Genle\u015fme Valfi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Genle\u015fme valfi, bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme cihaz\u0131 olarak bilinmektedir. Y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve orta s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki so\u011futucu ak\u0131\u015fkan\u0131n genle\u015fme valfine girmesiyle bas\u0131nc\u0131 ve s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 aniden d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n

3-Evaporat\u00f6r (Buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Evaporat\u00f6r \u00e7evrimde so\u011futma etkisinin g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc elemand\u0131r. Evaporat\u00f6rler, genle\u015fme eleman\u0131nda bas\u0131nc\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclen ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda buharla\u015fan ak\u0131\u015fkandan, \u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ekerek so\u011futmay\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmektedir<\/p>\n

4-Kompres\u00f6r<\/strong><\/p>\n

Is\u0131 pompas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli par\u00e7alar\u0131ndan biri olan kompres\u00f6r\u00fcn i\u00e7indeki so\u011futucu, s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n da g\u00f6zlendi\u011fi y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7lara kadar s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Kompres\u00f6re gaz halinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta giren so\u011futucu ak\u0131\u015fkan, yine gaz halinde y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7ta ve y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta kompres\u00f6rden \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Is\u0131 Pompas\u0131 Verimi ve Performans\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Is\u0131 pompalar\u0131nda verimlilik veya performans etkilerinin ifade edilmesi i\u00e7in\u00a0\u201cCoefficient of Performance\u201d\u00a0<\/em>olarak bilinen\u00a0COP<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0de\u011feri, yani performans katsay\u0131s\u0131 kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bunun nedeni \u015fu \u00f6rnekle a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir;<\/p>\n

Bir \u0131s\u0131 pompas\u0131 t\u00fcketilen her 1kW elektrik enerjisi i\u00e7in genel olarak 3 kW termal enerji \u00fcretmektedir, bu da verimlilik olarak %300\u2019l\u00fck bir etkiye sahiptir. Termodinamik yasalar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne alarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde %100 \u2018den fazla verimlili\u011fe sahip olmak yani girilenden daha fazla enerji \u00fcretilmesi imkans\u0131zd\u0131r. Bu durumda COP de\u011feri basit\u00e7e \u0131s\u0131tma kapasitesinin g\u00fc\u00e7 t\u00fcketimine b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi ile hesaplan\u0131r ve \u0131s\u0131 pompas\u0131 verimlili\u011fi bu de\u011fer ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclendirilir. Yani \u00f6rnekteki durumu \u201c3 COP de\u011ferine sahip\u201d olarak ifade etmek daha mant\u0131kl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. \u00d6rnekte t\u00fcketilenden daha fazla enerji \u00fcretiliyor gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesinin nedeni ise tek \u201cde\u011ferli\u201d enerji giri\u015finin kompres\u00f6r\u00fc ve sirk\u00fclasyon pompalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan elektrik olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yani \u0131s\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131ndan (ortam havas\u0131, toprak veya nehir gibi) aktar\u0131lan enerjinin geri kalan\u0131, bir enerji girdisi olarak kabul edilmemektedir.<\/p>\n

De\u011fi\u015fen s\u0131cakl\u0131klara g\u00f6re \u0131s\u0131 pompas\u0131n\u0131n performans\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc ifade edebilmek i\u00e7in ayr\u0131ca\u00a0Seasonal Coefficient of Performance<\/em>, k\u0131saca\u00a0SCOP<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0olarak bilinen yani mevsimsel performans katsay\u0131s\u0131 da kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r<\/p>\n

Is\u0131 Pompas\u0131 \u00c7e\u015fitleri<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Is\u0131 pompalar\u0131 \u0131s\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7e\u015fit olarak bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n

1-Hava Kaynakl\u0131 Is\u0131 Pompalar\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u0131\u015far\u0131daki havan\u0131n veya at\u0131k havan\u0131n kaynak olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu \u0131s\u0131 pompas\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fidinde do\u011fru kurulum yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda verimli \u0131s\u0131tma ve so\u011futma sa\u011flanabilmektedir. Ancak d\u0131\u015f hava ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fkenlik g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi durumlar hava kaynakl\u0131 \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131n\u0131 etkiler ve COP (performans katsay\u0131s\u0131) de\u011ferinin de\u011fi\u015fken olmas\u0131na sebep olur.<\/p>\n

2-Su Kaynakl\u0131 Is\u0131 Pompalar\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Su kaynakl\u0131 \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131nda g\u00f6llerde, g\u00f6letlerde, nehirlerde, kaynaklarda, kuyularda veya sondaj kuyular\u0131nda bulunan ve ula\u015f\u0131labilir durumdaki su, do\u011fal \u0131s\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131 kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yeterli su k\u00fctlesine sahip olundu\u011funda bu sistem, en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetli sistem olarak en uygun se\u00e7enektir.<\/p>\n

3-Toprak Kaynakl\u0131 Is\u0131 Pompalar\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Toprak kaynakl\u0131 \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131nda ana enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 topra\u011f\u0131n derinliklerinde g\u00fcne\u015ften gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131ma ve d\u00fcnya \u00e7ekirde\u011finden gelen \u0131s\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile biriken enerjidir. Bir\u00e7ok yerde, yaz\u0131n kavurucu s\u0131caktan k\u0131\u015f\u0131n s\u0131f\u0131r\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki so\u011fu\u011fa kadar, yer y\u00fczeyinin birka\u00e7 metre alt\u0131nda, zemin nispeten sabit bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta kalmaktad\u0131r. Topra\u011f\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu bu \u00f6zellik \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir avantajd\u0131r. Toprak kaynakl\u0131 \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131n\u0131n iki temel \u00e7e\u015fidi vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Yatay Tip Toprak Kaynakl\u0131 Is\u0131 Pompas\u0131:\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>Bu sistem, yeterli arazinin bulunmas\u0131 durumunda en uygun maliyetli oland\u0131r. Yeterli arazi oldu\u011fu durumda m\u00fcstakil evlerin s\u0131cak su ve \u0131s\u0131tmas\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in en verimli sistemdir. Borular yatay olarak serildi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u0131s\u0131 transfer alanlar\u0131 da fazlad\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  • Dikey Tip Toprak Kaynakl\u0131 Is\u0131 Pompas\u0131:<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0Bu sistem arazinin k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011fu ticari binalar ve okullarda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 uygun olan \u0131s\u0131 pompas\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fididir. Genelde \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7ekme derinli\u011finin 30- 150 m oldu\u011fu bu sistemde sondaj makineleri ile a\u00e7\u0131lan kuyulara borular dikey olarak sark\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. Boru ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n azl\u0131\u011f\u0131, pompalama enerjisinin di\u011fer sistemlere g\u00f6re daha az olmas\u0131, en az y\u00fczey alan\u0131 ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi sistemin avantajlar\u0131ndand\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Is\u0131 Pompas\u0131 Avantajlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n
      \n
    1. Yanmaya dayal\u0131 sistemlere g\u00f6re daha ucuz olan \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131 sistemlerdeki enerji ne kadar verimli olursa enerjide uzun vadeli tasarruf o kadar fala olmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n
    2. Sistemin d\u00fczenli olarak y\u0131lda bir kez kontrol edilmesi gerekti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131, yanmal\u0131 sistemlere g\u00f6re daha az bak\u0131m gerektirmektedir.<\/li>\n
    3. Yak\u0131t yak\u0131lman\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fi \u0131s\u0131 pompas\u0131 sistemleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda di\u011fer uygulamalara k\u0131yasla az g\u00fcvenlik kayg\u0131s\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/li>\n
    4. Is\u0131 pompalar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen verimli enerji d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc karbon misyonlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmada fayda sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n
    5. S\u0131cak d\u00f6nemlerde \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcreci tersine \u00e7evrilerek so\u011futma durumuna ge\u00e7i\u015f sa\u011flanabilir.<\/li>\n
    6. Ortalama kullan\u0131m \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn 14- 15 y\u0131l olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131 son derece istikrarl\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenilir \u0131s\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131rlar.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Is\u0131 Pompas\u0131 Dezavantajlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n
        \n
      1. Mevcut en verimli ev \u0131s\u0131tma sistemlerinden olan \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6n maliyet vard\u0131r. Fakat i\u015fletme maliyetleri ile enerji faturalar\u0131nda uzun vadeli tasarruflar g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmektedir.<\/li>\n
      2. Kurulum gereksinimi olarak \u0131s\u0131 hareketini ve \u0131s\u0131tma ile so\u011futma gereksinimlerinin detayl\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131n\u0131n kurulumu olduk\u00e7a zordur.<\/li>\n
      3. Is\u0131 transferinde kullan\u0131lan baz\u0131 ak\u0131\u015fkanlar s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik y\u00f6n\u00fcnden g\u00fcvensizdir ve kayg\u0131lara yol a\u00e7ar. Bu nedenle biyolojik olarak par\u00e7alanabilen ak\u0131\u015fkanlar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 tavsiye edilmektedir.<\/li>\n
      4. Kurulum yap\u0131lacak yerde yap\u0131lacak olan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar \u00f6nemlidir ve baz\u0131 kesintilere yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/li>\n
      5. \u00c7o\u011fu \u0131s\u0131 pompas\u0131 so\u011fuk havada sorun ya\u015far ve verimlilik tam olarak sa\u011flanamaz. Her zaman\u00a0SCOP<\/em>\u00a0de\u011feri kontrol edilmelidir.<\/li>\n
      6. Is\u0131 pompalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 elektri\u011fe dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 net s\u0131f\u0131r karbon emisyonu elde edilemez. Buna ra\u011fmen \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131 genel olarak\u00a0y\u00fcksek COP de\u011ferine<\/em>\u00a0sahiptir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Is\u0131 pompas\u0131, elektrik enerjisini kullanarak \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 bir yerden ba\u015fka bir yere pompalayarak veya hareket ettirerek ta\u015f\u0131yan sistemdir. Is\u0131 pompas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma prensibi mevsime ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, s\u0131cak havay\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak bir yerden ba\u015fka bir yere, ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan veya gerekmeyen bir yere ta\u015f\u0131yan bir \u0131s\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. D\u00f6ng\u00fcsel olarak enerjinin t\u00fcketildi\u011fi \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131nda temel ama\u00e7 bir cismi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10973,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10922","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-merak-edilenler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.serdaroglu.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10922","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.serdaroglu.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.serdaroglu.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.serdaroglu.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.serdaroglu.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10922"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.serdaroglu.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10922\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10932,"href":"https:\/\/www.serdaroglu.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10922\/revisions\/10932"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.serdaroglu.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10973"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.serdaroglu.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10922"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.serdaroglu.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10922"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.serdaroglu.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10922"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}